自殺行為 Suicidal Behavior

自殺行為 Suicidal Behavior

自殺會對個人，家庭和全國社會造成不可估量的痛苦和損失。平均而言，每天有112位美國人死於自殺。自殺已經成為15到24歲第二大死亡原因，而且美國有超過940萬的成年人在過去的12個月內有自殺的想法。但是自殺是可預防的，所以知道要做什麼很重要。閱讀更多資料，請上 http://www.sprc.org

自殺的跡象：

如果你認識的人顯現出以下情況中的一種或多種，他或她可能正在想著自殺。不要無視這些警告跡象。趕快去尋求幫助吧。

  • 談到自殺或想要自殺
  • 尋找自殺的方式
  • 談到沒有希望的感覺或沒有生活的意義
  • 談到感覺被困或無法忍受的疼痛
  • 談到成為他人的負擔
  • 增加使用酒精和藥物
  • 行為焦慮，憤怒或魯莽
  • 睡眠過多或過少
  • 感覺被孤立
  • 展現出憤怒或談到尋求報復
  • 顯示出極端的情緒波動

Suicide causes immeasurable pain, suffering, and loss to individuals, families, and communities nationwide. On average, 112 Americans die by suicide each day. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds and more than 9.4 million adults in the United States had serious thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months. But suicide is preventable, so it’s important to know what to do. For more information, go to http://www.sprc.org/

Warning Signs of Suicide

If someone you know is showing one or more of the following behaviors, he or she may be thinking about suicide. Don’t ignore these warning signs. Get help immediately.
•Talking about wanting to die or to kill oneself
•Looking for a way to kill oneself
•Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live
•Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain
•Talking about being a burden to others
•Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs
•Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly
•Sleeping too little or too much
•Withdrawing or feeling isolated
•Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
•Displaying extreme mood swings

什麼人最有可能自殺？Who Is Most Likely to Commit Suicide?

自殺率在未成年，年輕的成年人和老年人中最高。 65歲以上的白人自殺率最高。自殺風險率在以下群體中也很高：

  • 喪偶或離婚的老年人
  • 有自殺未遂歷史的人
  • 朋友或同事自殺的人
  • 有身體，情感或性虐待史的人
  • 未婚，沒有技能或沒有工作的人
  • 忍受長期疼痛，殘疾或絕症的人
  • 容易出現暴力或衝動行為的人
  • 從精神病院出院的人（這往往是轉型的一個可怕時期）
  • 在特殊崗位的人，例如警察或照顧絕症病患的醫護人員
  • 有濫用藥物問題的人

儘管女性有三倍於男性的風險可能試圖自殺，但男性更有可能完成自殺。

Suicide rates are highest in teens, young adults, and the elderly. White men over the age of 65 have the highest rate of suicide. Suicide risk also is higher in the following groups:

  • Older people who have lost a spouse through death or divorce
  • People who have attempted suicide in the past
  • People with a family history of suicide
  • People with a friend or co-worker who committed suicide
  • People with a history of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse
  • People who are unmarried, unskilled, or unemployed
  • People with long-term pain or a disabling or terminal illness
  • People who are prone to violent or impulsive behavior
  • People who have recently been released from a psychiatric hospitalization (This often is a very frightening period of transition.)
  • People in certain professions, such as police officers and health careproviders who work with terminally ill patients
  • People with substance abuse problems

Although women are three times as likely to attempt suicide, men are far more likely to complete the act.

自殺可以預防嗎？ Can Suicide Be Prevented?

自殺不能完全的被預防，但是通過及時干預，風險可以大大降低。研究表明，防止自殺最好的辦法就是了解其自殺因素，警惕其抑鬱和其他精神症狀的跡象，識別其自殺的危險信號，然後在其完成自我毀滅前阻止住。

Suicide can’t be prevented with certainty, but risks can often be reduced with timely intervention. Research suggests that the best way to prevent suicide is to know the risk factors, be alert to the signs of depression and other mental disorders, recognize the warning signs for suicide, and intervene before the person can complete the process of self-destruction.

如果我認為某人自殺，我應該怎麼做？ What Should I Do if I Think Someone is Suicidal?

那些會得到朋友和家人關心和進行心理醫療救助的人比那些被社會孤立的人更不可能有自殺的衝動。如果你認識的某人展現出自殺的危險信號：

  • 不要害怕問他或她是否感到壓抑或想自殺
  • 問他或她是否去見醫生或服用藥物
  • 不要試著對他說遠離自殺，要讓他知道壓抑和抑鬱只是暫時的和可治癒的
  • 在某些情況下，人們只是需要知道有人關心他們然後你就有機會談到他或她的感受。然後你可以鼓勵他們去需求專業的幫助。

People who receive support from caring friends and family and who have access to mental health services are less likely to act on their suicidal impulses than are those who are socially isolated. If someone you know is exhibiting warning signs for suicide:

  • Don’t be afraid to ask if he or she is depressed or thinking about suicide.
  • Ask if he or she is seeing a therapist or taking medication.
  • Rather than trying to talk the person out of suicide, let him or her know that depression is temporary and treatable.
  • In some cases, the person just needs to know that someone cares and is looking for the chance to talk about his or her feelings. You can then encourage the person to seek professional help.

幫助

如果你或你認識的某人需要幫助，請撥打全國預防自殺生命熱線 1.800.273.TALK (8255)。經過專業培訓的接線員全天24小時服務。
如果你認為某人當時有危險，不要離開他或她，留在那裡並且撥打911.

Get Help
If you or someone you know needs help, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1.800.273.TALK (8255). Trained crisis workers are available to talk 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

If you think someone is in immediate danger, do not leave him or her alone—stay there and call 911.